Agricultural Science tutorial

  WHAT ARE DISEASES? -Diseases are illnesses of or sickness caused by pathogens such as viruses,  fungi, bacteria and protozoa. SIGNS OF HEALTH ANIMALS  • Animals have bright eyes, is alert.                              • Good posture when moving.                                        • Shiny coat/skin and well-worn feather in chickens.                                                                              • Animals feed well and has a good appetite.              • Normal pulse rate and good breathing.                  ...

NB: Animals need the following types of livestock rations.. 1. Balanced diet  - Is a mixture of food containing all essential nutrients the animal needs in the right amount.  2. Maintenance ration - This is the ratio given to an animal to maintain its good health and keep all its body processes functioning.  3. Production ration  - This is extra feed needed by livestock to enable them to achieve additional inputs.  THE IMPORTANCE OF LIVESTOCK RATIONS • Animals get all the essential nutrients to grow and develop normally.                                                              • It keeps body health.                                                      • It provides energy....

 1. RUMINANT ANIMALS  - Ruminant animals are hoofed animals that have four chambered stomach such as cattle, sheep and goats.                                                                                    - Ruminant animals have four chambered stomach which are the rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum.                                                                          - They have bacteria in the rumen which gives them ability to breakdown cellulose in the food.       - They are mainly grass eater.                  ...

 ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION  - It is the method of impregnating female animals  (cows) without the sexual act with a bull.  - Sperms are collected from a bull by artificial means and inserted into the cow reproductive system.  - A trained inseminator inserts semen into the reproductive tract using insemination gun. ADVANTAGES ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION  • Reduces the risks of  spreading contagious diseases.                                                                                • It cuts the cost maintaining bull.                                 • Farmers can impregnate many cows within a short period of time.                  ...

 THE  THREE TYPES OF CROP FARMING SYSTEMS  1. MONOCULTURE - Monoculture means planting the same of crops over and over on the same piece of land.  ADVANTAGES OF MONOCULTURE  • The farmer becomes skilled at growing that particular crop                                                               •The system is easy to us.                                                • The same tools can be used each year for planting ,weeding and harvesting.  DISADVANTAGES OF MONOCULTURE  • Poor yield because crops use the same nutrients from the soil each year.                                      ...

 ○ Soil erosion is the removal of top-soil by wind or water.  LIST OF TYPES OF SOIL EROSION  1. Sheet erosion.                                                                 - A thin layer of soil is removed uniformly over a wide area by surface water flow. 2. Splash erosion.                                                                - Raindrops hit the soil surface, displaying soil particles.  3. Rill erosion.                                                                   ...

 THE STRUCTURE OF BEAN PLANTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS.  • The anther contain the pollen grains.  The male sex cell • Filaments hold the anther  • The ovary is the female reproductive organ that contains ovules. • Ovary develops into a bean pond. • Ovule is the reproductive cell that becomes the seed / beans after fertilization  • Stigma receives the pollen grains  • Styles transport the pollen from stigma to the ovary  • Petal attracts the insect for pollination  • Sepal ( Calyx ) holds the parts of the flower together. 

 WHAT IS POLLINATION  - POLLINATION is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or different flowers.  Pollination can be done by insects or wind  THE ARE TWO TYPES OF POLLINATION  1. Self-pollination.                                                               - This occurs when a pollen grain lands on the stigma of the same flower or flower of the same plant. 2. Cross Pollination.                                                            - This occurs when a pollen grain lands on the stigma of a flower of a different plant of the sabe species. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INSECT AND WIND POLLINATED FLOWERS  Insect pollinate...

 THE PROCESSES OF WATER CYCLE  . Water Evaporates from the water source,soil.          . Plants leaves lose water through the process of Transportation.                                                                  . Animals lose water through the process of Respiration.                                                                        . This water moves into the atmosphere as Water Vapor.                                                              ...

1. FLOOD IRRIGATION                                                       - Flood irrigation is used in areas around water sources where alot of water is available on a constant basis such as near the river.                           - Water from the source is allowed to flow over the whole crop area.                                                                 - It is used on large scale farming of grains which are less sensitive to overwatering   2. FURROW IRRIGATION.                                       ...